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Technology / Engineering guide
Wind Turbine Electrical Interfaces & Single-Line Diagrams
An electrical interface schedule turns an equipment list into an integration brief. Identify the connection points, ratings, signals and responsibilities that must agree across the turbine, power conversion equipment and project installation.
Connect equipment through a common interface record.
Review power paths, auxiliary supplies and signals against one drawing revision before finalising the electrical package.
01 / Power paths
Identify what each connection carries.
Start with the actual proposed devices and assign each a unique equipment tag.
Start with the actual proposed devices and assign each a unique equipment tag. Trace the power path from generator terminals to the agreed grid, load or other destination. For each connection, record its source, destination and the drawing that defines it. A simplified diagram should distinguish an AC connection from a DC connection without inventing equipment between them.
A single-line diagram summarises power connections; it does not replace terminal drawings, cable schedules or control schematics. If the proposal changes a rectifier, controller or converter, check which downstream documents also change. See the equipment selection guide for deciding which devices belong in the package.
02 / Rated conditions
Attach ratings to a location and condition.
Write the rating beside the interface it describes.
Write the rating beside the interface it describes. State AC or DC, the voltage basis, current limits and frequency where relevant, together with the operating conditions supporting the value. Separate continuous ratings, short-duration limits and absolute equipment limits. These entries need the equipment supplier’s applicable specification.
Do not copy a converter output voltage into the generator input row. A generator rating, a rectified voltage and a grid connection rating refer to different boundaries. For variable-speed operation, the interface record should reference the applicable range or characteristic data rather than hide variation behind one number.
03 / Auxiliary supplies
Show the supplies that support control functions.
Power conversion is only part of the installation.
Power conversion is only part of the installation. Identify any specified auxiliary supply for the controller, yaw drive, brake actuator, monitoring equipment or other supplied function. Record its source, destination, required conditions and supply responsibility. These are review fields, not confirmation that every model uses the same auxiliary arrangement.
Ask the designer to identify which functions remain available when the main output connection is unavailable. Place that answer in the functional description and cross-reference the actual circuit. A neat generation diagram can still be incomplete if it omits the supply needed by a required control function.
04 / Signals
Define the meaning of each command and feedback.
For a control interface, record the signal name, sending device, receiving device and meaning.
For a control interface, record the signal name, sending device, receiving device and meaning. Identify whether the connection is a discrete signal, analogue value or communication message, and obtain the electrical or protocol definition applicable to it. Include units, valid states and the required treatment of missing information.
Separate a command from its acknowledgement and from evidence that the requested action occurred. For example, a generic stop request and a reported stopped state represent different information. The real equipment must define how those states are established; the example does not prescribe a MARSTON stopping sequence.
05 / Drawing control
Resolve conflicts before installation planning.
Compare equipment tags and interface names across the single-line diagram, terminal plan, cable schedule and signal list.
Compare equipment tags and interface names across the single-line diagram, terminal plan, cable schedule and signal list. A terminal called by different names in two documents should be resolved in the records, not left to an installer’s interpretation. Track each open question with an owner and a revised document reference.
A useful review asks where protection, earthing, isolation and metering are represented and who designs each part. Required ratings, cable sizing and local installation requirements belong to the responsible electrical design. This page provides a documentation review, not connection or energisation instructions.
06 / Handover
Deliver a consistent record of the installed package.
Keep the agreed interface schedule with the drawing register and supplied-device identities.
Keep the agreed interface schedule with the drawing register and supplied-device identities. At handover, identify approved changes between the proposal and installed configuration. A record marked complete should have a document reference for each interface rather than merely a tick against equipment names.
For a technical enquiry, provide the turbine model, the intended connection and documents for any existing third-party equipment. MARSTON can discuss controllers and converters separately; compatibility and the supplied scope must be established for the actual configuration. Retain unresolved items until an identified party closes them.
Continue the review with Wind Turbine Generator Data: Speed, Voltage & Load.
Continue the review with Wind Turbine Monitoring Data & SCADA Requirements.
Continue the review with Wind Turbine Electrical & Mechanical Braking: Function Review.
Further project guides: Wind Turbine Cable Routes, Voltage Drop & Design Inputs · Wind Generator Rectifiers: AC-to-DC Interface Review · Wind Turbine Grid Power Quality: Measurement & Evidence · Wind Turbine Yaw & Control Auxiliary Power Planning.
Further project guides: Wind Turbine Controller Supply: Prepare a Separate Enquiry · Wind Power Converter Supply: Define the Purchase Boundary.
Extend the electrical interface review with creepage, clearance and insulation boundaries.
General background: ABB permanent-magnet generator overview: full-converter concept context. These references explain industry concepts; they are separate from the applicable MARSTON product and project documents.
Prepare the information for this review.
Use the checklist to organise the project information. Mark unavailable items and retain document references.
| Review item | Information to provide | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Power interfaces | Equipment tags, connection points and drawing references | Trace the supplied power path. |
| Electrical conditions | Voltage basis, current, frequency and operating range | Associate ratings with the correct boundary. |
| Auxiliary supplies | Source, loads and availability assumptions | Identify support functions. |
| Signal schedule | Source, destination, meaning and valid states | Define exchanged information. |
| Revision register | Drawings, open items and installed changes | Keep the package consistent. |
Engineering questions.
What is an electrical interface schedule?
It is a record of the information exchanged at each equipment connection: power ratings, auxiliary supplies, control signals, document references and responsibilities.
Is a single-line diagram enough for installation?
It describes the main power arrangement. The applicable terminal, cable, control and installation documents are also needed for the actual equipment.
Should generator and grid voltage use the same entry?
Record them at their own interfaces. They may describe different electrical conditions separated by conversion equipment.
Does a stop command prove that the rotor is stopped?
No. The command, acknowledgement and verified state are different information and must be defined by the actual control arrangement.
Can an existing converter be included?
Provide its exact identity, electrical limits and interface documents for review. A matching power label alone does not establish compatibility.
What does the project installer receive?
The consistent approved drawing set, interface schedule and applicable installation instructions, including documented changes to the supplied configuration.
Technical enquiry
Bring your project information to the discussion.
An electrical interface schedule turns an equipment list into an integration brief. Share the available information and the equipment scope you want reviewed in a technical quotation.